1. What is Central Venous Pressure (CVP)?

Central Venous Pressure (CVP) is the blood pressure in the venae cavae, near the right atrium of the heart. It approximates right atrial pressure (RAP) and reflects the amount of blood returning to the heart and the heart's ability to pump blood.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the simple equation:

Where:

• \( CVP \) — Central Venous Pressure (mmHg)
• \( RAP \) — Right Atrial Pressure (mmHg)

Explanation: CVP is approximately equal to RAP and provides information about intravascular volume status and right ventricular function.

3. Importance of CVP Measurement

Details: CVP measurement is crucial for assessing fluid status in critically ill patients, guiding fluid therapy, and monitoring patients with heart failure, sepsis, or major surgery.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the measured right atrial pressure in mmHg. The calculator will return the equivalent central venous pressure value.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the normal range for CVP?
A: Normal CVP ranges from 5-10 mmHg, but this can vary based on clinical context and patient factors.

Q2: How is CVP measured clinically?
A: CVP is typically measured using a central venous catheter placed in the superior vena cava or right atrium, connected to a pressure transducer.

Q3: What does a high CVP indicate?
A: Elevated CVP may indicate volume overload, right heart failure, cardiac tamponade, or pulmonary hypertension.

Q4: What does a low CVP indicate?
A: Low CVP typically suggests hypovolemia (low blood volume) due to dehydration, bleeding, or excessive diuresis.

Q5: Are there limitations to CVP measurement?
A: Yes, CVP can be affected by mechanical ventilation, patient position, and various cardiac conditions. It should be interpreted in clinical context.